My PlaNEt my priority~my people my priority
Climate change affects every corner of our planet – from the poles to the tropics, and from the mountains to the oceans. People and nature worldwide are already feeling the effects: water supplies are shrinking, extreme weather events increasing in frequency and intensity, forests burning, and coral reefs dying.
There is no country that is not experiencing the drastic effects of climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions are more than 50 percent higher than in 1990. Global warming is causing long-lasting changes to our climate system, which threatens irreversible consequences if we do not act.
The annual average economic losses from climate-related disasters are in the hundreds of billions of dollars. This is not to mention the human impact of geo-physical disasters, which are 91 percent climate-related, and which between 1998 and 2017 killed 1.3 million people, and left 4.4 billion injured. The goal aims to mobilize US$100 billion annually by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries to both adapt to climate change and invest in low-carbon development.
Supporting vulnerable regions will directly contribute not only to Goal 13 but also to the other SDGs. These actions must also go hand in hand with efforts to integrate disaster risk measures, sustainable natural resource management, and human security into national development strategies. It is still possible, with strong political will, increased investment, and using existing technology, to limit the increase in global mean temperature to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, aiming at 1.5°C, but this requires urgent and ambitious collective action.
Facts and figures
- +1°C - As of 2017 humans are estimated to have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels.
- +20cm - Sea levels have risen by about 20 cm (8 inches) since 1880 and are projected to rise another 30–122 cm (1 to 4 feet) by 2100.
- 2050 - To limit warming to 1.5C, global net CO2 emissions must drop by 45% between 2010 and 2030, and reach net zero around 2050.
- 1/3 - Climate pledges under The Paris Agreement cover only one third of the emissions reductions needed to keep the world below 2°C.
- $26 trillion - Bold climate action could trigger at least US$26 trillion in economic benefits by 2030.
- 18 million - The energy sector alone will create around 18 million more jobs by 2030, focused specifically on sustainable energy.
climate change policy sri lanka
Preamble
Climate change which is the ultimate outcome of global warming is now universally recognized as the fundamental human development challenge of the 21st century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has conclusively established that Climate Change induced by global warming is the direct result of excessive emissions of greenhouse gasses due to human action, particularly due to uncontrolled combustion of fossil fuels. It is a certainty that the present and future generations have to live under the threat of climate change. All nations are affected by the impacts of climate change. However, developing countries are particularly vulnerable, as they lack the necessary adaptive capacity. Being a developing island nation subject to tropical climate patterns, Sri Lanka is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. Extreme weather events such as high intensity rainfall followed by flash floods and landslides, and extended dry periods resulting in water scarcity are now becoming common occurrences in Sri Lanka. Any adverse changes in already volatile weather patterns are likely impact adversely on the socio-economic activities in the country. Therefore urgent action is necessary to take adaptive measures to build resilience of the country to face the adverse impacts of climate change. While taking adaptive measures as the priority, Sri Lanka will actively involve in the global efforts to minimize the greenhouse gas emissions within the framework of sustainable development and principles enshrined in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and it’s Kyoto Protocol (KP). The most demanding challenge for the developing countries today is to develop their economies to provide a better quality of life taking into consideration the shrinking environmental space. Sri Lanka has to address these challenges considering the need for increasing investment for environment friendly infrastructure development, increased volatility to energy markets, problems related to food security, trade, commerce and industrial development together with the climate change challenges. In this context, the National Climate Change Policy of Sri Lanka has been developed to provide guidance and directions for all the stakeholders to address the adverse impacts of climate change efficiently and effectively. The National Climate Change Policy contains a vision, mission, goal and a set of guiding principles followed by broad policy statements under Vulnerability, Adaptation, Mitigation, Sustainable Consumption and Production, Knowledge Management and General Statements. Collaborative action at all levels is necessary to transform this policy into meaningful set of actions to meet the challenges of climate change.
Vision
A future where climate change will have no adverse consequences on Sri Lanka.
Mission
Addressing climate change issues locally while engaging in the global context.
Goal
Adaptation to and mitigation of climate change impacts within the framework of sustainable development
Objectives
o Sensitize and make aware the communities periodically on the country’s vulnerability to climate change.
o Take adaptive measures to avoid/minimize adverse impacts of climate change to the people, their livelihoods and ecosystems.
o Mitigate greenhouse gas emissions in the path of sustainable development.
o Promote sustainable consumption and production.
o Enhance knowledge on the multifaceted issues related to climate change in the society and build their capacity to make prudent choices in decision making.
o Develop the country’s capacity to address the impacts of climate change effectively and efficiently.
o Mainstream and integrate climate change issues in the national development process.
Guiding Principles
o Climate change possesses an immediate and potentially irreversible threat to the life on earth and timely action is necessary to reduce vulnerabilities and build resilience in the country.
o Steps taken to address climate change shall be environmentally sound, nationally appropriate, socially acceptable, and economically viable.
o Sustainable consumption and production can significantly address the current and future challenges of climate change.
o Ecosystems stability is ensured aiming at poverty eradication and Sustainable Human Development.
o A shared vision coupled with a shared responsibility of all the citizens is a necessity to effectively address the climate change problems/issues.
o Precautionary principles shall be followed in the absence of scientific based evidences in decision making. 3
POLICY STATEMENTS
(A) VULNERABILITY
1. Assessing the vulnerability Assess the vulnerability to adverse impacts of climate change in the socio-economic and environmental sectors periodically, particularly taking into account that Sri Lanka is a tropical island. Develop an information and communication strategy to enhance the adaptation and mitigation capacity of the country based on its vulnerability to climate change.
2. Recognizing and addressing climate change vulnerability in the national development agenda Recognize and address the vulnerability to adverse impacts of climate change in the socioeconomic and environmental sectors in the national, provincial, district and local level development plans and programmes in relation to both natural and built environment.
3. Disaster management Develop strategies and mechanisms to prevent/mitigate and manage disasters caused by climate change and protect the communities, ecosystems and, natural and built environment.
4. Health impacts Recognize the vulnerability to adverse impacts of climate change in the health sector and take action to safeguard health of the people.
(B) ADAPTATION
5. Food production and Food security Take timely action to address the adverse impacts on crop and animal production and fisheries sectors due to climate change and to minimize the impacts on food production and to ensure food security. Encourage climate resilient-environmental friendly and appropriate innovative technologies while recognizing and promoting the utilization of appropriate traditional knowledge and practices in food production.
6. Conservation of water resources and biodiversity
Take action to minimize the impacts on water resources due to erratic precipitation patterns temperature rise and sea water rise caused by climate change. Promote integrated watershed and water resources management and efficient water use through technologies and behaviors adaptive to changing weather patterns and trends. Enhance climate change resilience of natural ecosystems and its diversity.
7. Human settlement and Land use planning Incorporate nationally appropriate low emission strategies and technologies and appropriate adaptive strategies in human settlement, land use planning, and urban development.
8. Infrastructure design and development Integrate adaptive measures in the design, development and maintenance of infrastructure.
9. Coastal resources management Incorporate adaptive measures in coastal zone management specifically considering the potential of sea level rise.
(C) MITIGATION
10. Energy
Explore the potential of clean and renewable energy sources of the country and enhance their production, accessibility and affordability. Encourage the utilization of clean and renewable energy sources taking into account the local absorption capacity and long term sustainability. Take action to improve demand and supply side management to maximize the efficiency of energy utilization. Introduce economic incentives for less carbon intensive fuels and energy efficient technologies while imposing appropriate fiscal policy to combat detrimental practices
11. Transportation
Take action to promote integrated transportation systems, low emission fuels and improved fuel efficiency taking into consideration the long term sustainability of the existing resources. 5
12. Industry
Take action to improve the environmental performance in industry and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Establish green reporting systems to promote proactive behavioral changes by self evaluation so as to mitigate emissions at all levels and in all sectors.
13. Waste management
Adopt integrated waste management systems for all types of waste assigning priority for prevention of waste generation with nationally appropriate low greenhouse gas emission technologies.
14. Agriculture and Livestock
Encourage environmentally sound and socially acceptable agriculture and livestock practices within the framework of sustainable development. Promote appropriate innovative technologies while encouraging the utilization of appropriate traditional knowledge and practices.
(D) SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
15. Responsible use of Natural resources and Biological diversity
Identify, recognize, develop, and disseminate environment friendly products, processes and techniques to promote sustainable utilization of natural resources to mitigate adverse impacts on natural resources and biodiversity. Acknowledge and improve carbon storage capacity of the forests in forest management taking into account the other ecosystem services provided by forests.
16. Environment friendly consumption and lifestyles
Promote sustainable consumption and production considering the family as the centre of focus to ensure wide dissemination of environment friendly lifestyles and practices in the path of sustainable development.
6 (E) KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
17. Education, Awareness creation and Capacity building
Adopt multiple approaches to enhance knowledge, skills and positive attitudes of different stakeholders at all levels to address multifaceted, current and emerging issues of climate change. Facilitate and promote the availability, accessibility, and sharing of climate change related information across all sectors at all levels.
18. Co-operation and Partnerships
Encourage strategic partnerships and sharing knowledge among partners to address the multifaceted issues on climate change.
19. Creation of a climate change sensitive generation Promote nationally appropriate climate change sensitive behavioral changes through school education by promoting proactive and responsible participation.
(F) GENERAL STATEMENTS
20. Institutional coordination
Develop and strengthen an inter-institutional coordinating, collaborating and monitoring mechanism for effective implementation of the activities related to climate change at national, provincial, district and divisional levels under the National Focal Point to the United Nations Climate Change Multilateral Agreements. Foster good governance practices at all levels to improve mutual understanding and trust among stakeholders to ensure accountability of implementing of the policy. Performance of the national climate change policy should be evaluated through a sound monitoring and reporting system at national , provincial, district and local levels.
21. Research and Development
Promote research and development aimed at addressing climate change issues at national level. Encourage and support regional and international cooperation and networking to promote climate change research. Take action to disseminate such research findings among all stakeholders including those at grass root levels. 7
22. Technology transfer
Explore technologies and best practices in country and global, select nationally appropriate innovative technologies, disseminate, and implement them to the extent possible with sound monitoring mechanisms. Harness and patronize local technologies and traditional knowledge available in the relevant sectors ensuring protection of Intellectual Property Rights and vigilance against misappropriation.
23. Legal and Regulatory framework
Strengthen legal and regulatory mechanisms to take effective measures to meet climate change challenges by integrating legal requirements in to the respective sectors. Ensure equitable enforcement of these regulatory provisions.
24. Market and Non market based mechanisms.
Promote market and non-market based mechanisms appropriate to national conditions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to improve adaptation measures. Continue appropriate existing mechanisms with sound monitoring mechanisms. Encourage adaptive marketing strategies to reduce loss of business due to climate change and to introduce new trade emerging.
25. Resource mobilization
Ensure sustainable financial mechanisms to support implementation of the national climate change policy. Develop mechanisms to establish, enhance, and improve skilled human resources throughout the country.
Source: Ministry of Mahaweli Development & Environment